The Water Deer: Korea’s Beloved Wild Resident

The water deer (Hydropotes inermis), known as “goran-i” (고라니) in Korean, is a unique species native to East Asia, particularly the Korean Peninsula. Unlike most deer, water deer lack antlers. Instead, males possess long, downward-pointing canine teeth—often referred to as tusks—which give them a distinctive, almost mythical appearance. These tusks are used for territorial disputes and mating competition, setting them apart from other deer species like roe or red deer, which typically have antlers and no visible fangs.

Water deer thrive in environments with dense vegetation, such as wetlands, riverbanks, grassy fields, and forest edges. They prefer areas where they can remain hidden while having access to water and food. Their solitary and secretive nature makes them elusive, yet in Korea, they are surprisingly common. In fact, over 90% of the global water deer population is found in South Korea. This is due to Korea’s favorable climate, abundant food sources, and relatively few natural predators.

One of the most curious traits of the water deer is its vocalization. During the breeding season, especially from November to January, males emit a loud, eerie cry that resembles a human scream or a high-pitched wail. This sound can be startling to those unfamiliar with it, but it’s a natural part of their mating behavior.

In Korea, encountering a water deer is almost a rite of passage. Whether hiking in the countryside or driving through rural roads, most Koreans have seen one at least once. Unfortunately, their frequent crossings of roads lead to many roadkill incidents. As a result, Korean roads often feature wildlife warning signs with illustrations of water deer to alert drivers.

Despite these challenges, Koreans hold a deep affection for the water deer. Their gentle appearance and cultural familiarity have made them popular in media and merchandise. Cute 고라니 characters appear in cartoons, plush toys, and even public campaigns, symbolizing both nature and national identity.

In essence, the water deer is more than just a wild animal—it’s a cherished part of Korean life, ecology, and imagination.